The 14th Amendment
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Useful Links
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citizenship, due process, and equal protection: the creation of the 14th amendment
https://14thamendment.harpweek.com/default.asp
court cases about the 14th amendment
https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/10-huge-supreme-court-cases-about-the-14th-amendment
The Supreme Court and the 14th Amendment (interactive timeline of court cases related to the 14th amendment)
https://www.aclu.org/issues/racial-justice/supreme-court-and-14th-amendment
https://14thamendment.harpweek.com/default.asp
court cases about the 14th amendment
https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/10-huge-supreme-court-cases-about-the-14th-amendment
The Supreme Court and the 14th Amendment (interactive timeline of court cases related to the 14th amendment)
https://www.aclu.org/issues/racial-justice/supreme-court-and-14th-amendment
Primary Sources
Jan. 30, 1868: Speech in Defense of 14th Amendment
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/speech-defense-expanding-suffrage/
14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Primary Documents in American History
https://guides.loc.gov/14th-amendment/related-resources
text of the 14th amendment
https://www.learningforjustice.org/classroom-resources/texts/14th-amendment
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/speech-defense-expanding-suffrage/
14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Primary Documents in American History
https://guides.loc.gov/14th-amendment/related-resources
text of the 14th amendment
https://www.learningforjustice.org/classroom-resources/texts/14th-amendment
Classroom Resources
Resources for Teaching the 14th Amendment
https://www.civicsrenewalnetwork.org/featured/resources-for-teaching-the-14th-amendment/
The Meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment (lesson plan)
Why were the promises made by the post-Civil War amendments so important? In this lesson, students analyze and compare important Supreme Court decisions involving the Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights.
https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/bf09.socst.us.const.lpprotect14/the-meaning-of-the-fourteenth-amendment/
Classroom Learning Materials 14th Amendment
https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/learning-material/14th-amendment
Voter Suppression
Useful Links
Winning the Vote: A History of Voting Rights
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/essays/winning-vote-history-voting-rights
States still found ways to circumvent the Constitution and prevent blacks from voting. Poll taxes, literacy tests, fraud and intimidation all turned African Americans away from the polls. Until the Supreme Court struck it down in 1915, many states used the "grandfather clause " to keep descendents of slaves out of elections.
https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/elections/right-to-vote/voting-rights-for-african-americans/
How Jim Crow-Era Laws Suppressed the African American Vote for Generations
https://www.history.com/news/jim-crow-laws-black-vote
Skip to section ‘federal elections bill’ (1891)
https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Temporary-Farewell/Legislative-Interests/
Guinn v. U.S
This U.S. Supreme Court Decision strikes down the Grandfather Clause which prevents African Americans in Oklahoma and other states from voting.
https://www.blackpast.org/?q=primarywest/guinn-v-united-states-grandfather-clause-1915
Echoes of 1891 in 2022
https://www.journalofthecivilwarera.org/2022/01/echoes-of-1891-in-2022/
Primary Sources
What a colored man should do to vote
https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbaapc.33200/?st=gallery
Frederick Douglass on the disfranchisement of Black voters, 1888
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/frederick-douglass-disfranchisement-black-voters-1888
Application for voting registration Mississippi
https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-AHB2016q013070
Campaigning for the African American vote in Georgia, 1894
A Spotlight on a Primary Source by State Democratic Party of Georgia
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/campaigning-african-american-vote-georgia-1894
Disfranchisement of African American voters in Virginia, 1901
A Spotlight on a Primary Source by Giles Jackson
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/disfranchisement-african-american-voters-virginia-1901
https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbaapc.33200/?st=gallery
Frederick Douglass on the disfranchisement of Black voters, 1888
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/frederick-douglass-disfranchisement-black-voters-1888
Application for voting registration Mississippi
https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-AHB2016q013070
Campaigning for the African American vote in Georgia, 1894
A Spotlight on a Primary Source by State Democratic Party of Georgia
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/campaigning-african-american-vote-georgia-1894
Disfranchisement of African American voters in Virginia, 1901
A Spotlight on a Primary Source by Giles Jackson
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/disfranchisement-african-american-voters-virginia-1901
Literacy Tests
Take the Impossible “Literacy” Test Louisiana Gave Black Voters in the 1960s
https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/06/voting-rights-and-the-supreme-court-the-impossible-literacy-test-louisiana-used-to-give-black-voters.html
Civil Rights Movement Voting Rights: Are You "Qualified" to Vote?
Take a "Literacy Test" to Find Out
https://www.crmvet.org/info/lithome.htm
Example of a Literacy Test
https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/jimcrow/literacy_popup.html
https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/06/voting-rights-and-the-supreme-court-the-impossible-literacy-test-louisiana-used-to-give-black-voters.html
Civil Rights Movement Voting Rights: Are You "Qualified" to Vote?
Take a "Literacy Test" to Find Out
https://www.crmvet.org/info/lithome.htm
Example of a Literacy Test
https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/jimcrow/literacy_popup.html
Poll taxes
Lessons
Lessons about Voter suppression
https://www.learningforjustice.org/future-voters-project/educate-students/lessons-voter-suppression
Use this excerpt from ‘One Person, No Vote: How Not All Voters Are Treated Equally’ to lead a conversation with students about the history of voter suppression in the United States before the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
https://www.learningforjustice.org/magazine/teach-this-voter-suppression-and-literacy-tests
https://www.learningforjustice.org/future-voters-project/educate-students/lessons-voter-suppression
Use this excerpt from ‘One Person, No Vote: How Not All Voters Are Treated Equally’ to lead a conversation with students about the history of voter suppression in the United States before the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
https://www.learningforjustice.org/magazine/teach-this-voter-suppression-and-literacy-tests