Useful Links
Malcolm X: A Radical Vision for Civil Rights
https://edsitement.neh.gov/closer-readings/malcolm-x-radical-vision-civil-rights
Biography: Malcolm X
https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/malcolm-x
Is It Time for a Reassessment of Malcolm X?A Smithsonian Channel film, “The Lost Tapes,” challenges misconceptions about the charismatic leader
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7MP_h3eQ1o
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/it-time-reassessment-malcolm-x-180968247/
Timeline of Malcolm X’s Life
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/malcolmx-timeline-malcolm-xs-life/
The Malcolm X project at Columbia University
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/mxp/nationofislam.html
An African American Tells Why She Followed Malcolm X
Ethel Minor offers her perspective on the black freedom struggle in this 1997 interview with Catherine Osborn. A follower of Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam, Minor found the integrationist aims of Martin Luther King, Jr. and his followers "humiliating." She preferred the more militant approach of Malcolm X, whom she describes as "a truth-bearing angel from heaven.
https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/items/show/963
Primary Sources
A video clip of Malcolm X commenting on the lack of protection for protesters in Birmingham, 1963.
https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/the-fire-next-time-by-james-baldwin/sources/1236
(1963) Malcolm X, “Message to the Grassroots”
On December 10, 1963, while still the leading spokesman for the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X gave a speech at a rally in Detroit, Michigan. That speech outlined his basic black nationalist philosophy and established him as a major critic of the civil rights movement. The speech appears below.
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/speeches-african-american-history/1963-malcolm-x-message-grassroots/
Malcolm X’s Fiery Speech Addressing Police Brutality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_uYWDyYNUg
“The ballot or the bullet” speech
https://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/blackspeech/mx.html
https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/the-fire-next-time-by-james-baldwin/sources/1236
(1963) Malcolm X, “Message to the Grassroots”
On December 10, 1963, while still the leading spokesman for the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X gave a speech at a rally in Detroit, Michigan. That speech outlined his basic black nationalist philosophy and established him as a major critic of the civil rights movement. The speech appears below.
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/speeches-african-american-history/1963-malcolm-x-message-grassroots/
Malcolm X’s Fiery Speech Addressing Police Brutality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_uYWDyYNUg
“The ballot or the bullet” speech
https://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/blackspeech/mx.html