Useful Links
Civil rights activist Daisy Bates was instrumental in the desegregation of schools
https://www.phillytrib.com/special_sections/mlk/civil-rights-activist-daisy-bates-was-instrumental-in-the-desegregation-of-schools/article_c9ade5da-e73e-52cb-871b-ea1df0a0c8b1.html
Daisy Bates and the Little Rock Nine
https://www.npr.org/2007/09/21/14563865/daisy-bates-and-the-little-rock-nine
Biography
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/bates-daisy-1914-1999/
Biography
https://ualrexhibits.org/legacy/bates/
https://www.phillytrib.com/special_sections/mlk/civil-rights-activist-daisy-bates-was-instrumental-in-the-desegregation-of-schools/article_c9ade5da-e73e-52cb-871b-ea1df0a0c8b1.html
Daisy Bates and the Little Rock Nine
https://www.npr.org/2007/09/21/14563865/daisy-bates-and-the-little-rock-nine
Biography
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/bates-daisy-1914-1999/
Biography
https://ualrexhibits.org/legacy/bates/
Primary Sources
Primary Sources about the little rock 9
https://primarysourcenexus.org/2020/02/primary-source-spotlight-little-rock-nine/
Primary Sources: Civil Rights in America - Events: Central High (Little Rock, AK) [1957]
https://cnu.libguides.com/civilrightsevents/centralhigh
The Long Shadow of Little Rock: A Memoir By. Daisy Bates
https://www.amazon.com/Long-Shadow-Little-Rock-Memoir/dp/1557288631
Newspaper coverage
https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/search/pages/results/?dateFilterType=yearRange&date1=1957&date2=1963&language=&ortext=&andtext=&phrasetext=little+rock+nine&proxtext=&proxdistance=5&rows=20&searchType=advanced
Photos/Prints of the Little Rock 9
https://www.loc.gov/photos/?fa=access-restricted:false&q=%22little+rock+nine%22&st=gallery
Daisy Bates’ Letter about "Little Rock Nine," December 17, 1957 Courtesy of Library of Congress, Bates, Daisy, NAACP Records, December 17, 1957
Description:
Daisy Bates, civil rights activist, journalist and lecturer, wrote a letter on December 17, 1957, to then-NAACP Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins. The letter focused on the treatment of the nine African-American children, known as the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. These students were the first to be enrolled at the school after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional to segregate public schools. She describes how the treatment of the children by peers, educators and protestors was getting steadily worse, and they have endured a number of abuses, such as being spit on, kicked and heckled.
Transcript of Daisy Bates' Letter
Source-Dependent Questions
Letter From Martin Luther King Jr. To Daisy Bates (July 1, 1958)- King invites Bates to serve as Dexter's Women's Day speaker on 12 October;
https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/daisy-bates
Daisy Bates to Roy Wilkins on the treatment of the Little Rock Nine
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/images/br0127p1s.jpg
https://primarysourcenexus.org/2020/02/primary-source-spotlight-little-rock-nine/
Primary Sources: Civil Rights in America - Events: Central High (Little Rock, AK) [1957]
https://cnu.libguides.com/civilrightsevents/centralhigh
The Long Shadow of Little Rock: A Memoir By. Daisy Bates
https://www.amazon.com/Long-Shadow-Little-Rock-Memoir/dp/1557288631
Newspaper coverage
https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/search/pages/results/?dateFilterType=yearRange&date1=1957&date2=1963&language=&ortext=&andtext=&phrasetext=little+rock+nine&proxtext=&proxdistance=5&rows=20&searchType=advanced
Photos/Prints of the Little Rock 9
https://www.loc.gov/photos/?fa=access-restricted:false&q=%22little+rock+nine%22&st=gallery
Daisy Bates’ Letter about "Little Rock Nine," December 17, 1957 Courtesy of Library of Congress, Bates, Daisy, NAACP Records, December 17, 1957
Description:
Daisy Bates, civil rights activist, journalist and lecturer, wrote a letter on December 17, 1957, to then-NAACP Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins. The letter focused on the treatment of the nine African-American children, known as the "Little Rock Nine" at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. These students were the first to be enrolled at the school after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional to segregate public schools. She describes how the treatment of the children by peers, educators and protestors was getting steadily worse, and they have endured a number of abuses, such as being spit on, kicked and heckled.
Transcript of Daisy Bates' Letter
Source-Dependent Questions
- What kind of treatment is the "Little Rock Nine" experiencing from other students in the school? From teachers, administrators and officials?
- How did the NAACP support journalist Daisy Bates and the "Little Rock Nine?
Letter From Martin Luther King Jr. To Daisy Bates (July 1, 1958)- King invites Bates to serve as Dexter's Women's Day speaker on 12 October;
https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/daisy-bates
Daisy Bates to Roy Wilkins on the treatment of the Little Rock Nine
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/images/br0127p1s.jpg
Two reels from the National Archives cover the Army and its involvement at Little Rock Central High School in 1957. There is no audio available on these reels.
The Little Rock Nine
Useful Links:
The Little Rock Nine
https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/little-rock-nine
The Little Rock Nine
Quotes from the first day of school & Biographies of the Little Rock Nine
https://www.nps.gov/people/the-little-rock-nine.htm
Women’s History Museum Description of the Little Rock Nine
https://www.womenshistory.org/resources/general/little-rock-nine
Little Rock Nine: the day young students shattered racial segregation
Sixty years ago, nine teens braved violent protests to attend school after the supreme court outlawed segregation – but racial separation is not over in the US
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/24/little-rock-arkansas-school-segregation-racism
The Little Rock Nine
https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/little-rock-nine
The Little Rock Nine
Quotes from the first day of school & Biographies of the Little Rock Nine
https://www.nps.gov/people/the-little-rock-nine.htm
Women’s History Museum Description of the Little Rock Nine
https://www.womenshistory.org/resources/general/little-rock-nine
Little Rock Nine: the day young students shattered racial segregation
Sixty years ago, nine teens braved violent protests to attend school after the supreme court outlawed segregation – but racial separation is not over in the US
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/24/little-rock-arkansas-school-segregation-racism
Primary Sources
Elizabeth Eckford- Testimony
https://onehistory.org/Eckford.htm
This film follows the students – Melba Patillo, Carlotta Walls, Elizabeth Eckford, Gloria Ray, Minnijean Brown, Thelma Mothershed, Ernest Green, Jefferson Thomas, and Terrence Roberts – who integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. It focuses on their dreams and aspirations for the future.
https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/nine-from-little-rock
Elizabeth Eckford- Testimony
https://onehistory.org/Eckford.htm
This film follows the students – Melba Patillo, Carlotta Walls, Elizabeth Eckford, Gloria Ray, Minnijean Brown, Thelma Mothershed, Ernest Green, Jefferson Thomas, and Terrence Roberts – who integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. It focuses on their dreams and aspirations for the future.
https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/nine-from-little-rock
Lessons:
"Elizabeth Eckford and the Little Rock Nine”
is a brief lesson plan designed to familiarize high school students with the history of racial segregation in American schools, and to introduce them to the bravery of nine African-American students who forever changed the course of American education. This lesson plan is designed to prepare students participating in the live student discussion with Ms. Eckford, so that they have a greater understanding of her contribution to American history, and the significant role that the 14th Amendment played in this historical drama. The activity consists primarily of reflection questions which allow the student to consider the rationale behind the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown vs. Board of Education, the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, and the acts of the Little Rock Nine as seen through photos of Ms. Eckford and her subsequent comments.
Students will:
• Understand the 14th Amendment and the rights guaranteed to citizens by the states, with particular focus on the Equal Protection Clause
• Understand the history of racial segregation prior to the courageous acts of the Little Rock Nine
• Understand the enduring legacy of the Little Rock Nine and how their courageous acts forever changed American education
https://constitutioncenter.org/media/files/Eckford+Formatted+Curriculum.pdf
Choices in Little Rock is a teaching unit that focuses on efforts to desegregate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957 — efforts that resulted in a crisis that historian Taylor Branch once described as “the most severe test of the Constitution since the Civil War.” The unit explores civic choices — the decisions people make as citizens in a democracy. Those decisions, both then and now, reveal that democracy is not a product but a work in progress, a work that is shaped in every generation by the choices that we make about ourselves and others. Although those choices may not seem important at the time, little by little, they define an individual, delineate a community, and ultimately distinguish a nation. Those choices build on the work of earlier generations and leave legacies for those to come.
https://www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/publications/Little_Rock.pdf
Little Rock Nine
In this lesson, students examine five documents to learn about the experiences of one student, Minnijean Brown, in desegregating Central High School.
https://sheg.stanford.edu/history-lessons/little-rock-nine?check_logged_in=1
"Elizabeth Eckford and the Little Rock Nine”
is a brief lesson plan designed to familiarize high school students with the history of racial segregation in American schools, and to introduce them to the bravery of nine African-American students who forever changed the course of American education. This lesson plan is designed to prepare students participating in the live student discussion with Ms. Eckford, so that they have a greater understanding of her contribution to American history, and the significant role that the 14th Amendment played in this historical drama. The activity consists primarily of reflection questions which allow the student to consider the rationale behind the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown vs. Board of Education, the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, and the acts of the Little Rock Nine as seen through photos of Ms. Eckford and her subsequent comments.
Students will:
• Understand the 14th Amendment and the rights guaranteed to citizens by the states, with particular focus on the Equal Protection Clause
• Understand the history of racial segregation prior to the courageous acts of the Little Rock Nine
• Understand the enduring legacy of the Little Rock Nine and how their courageous acts forever changed American education
https://constitutioncenter.org/media/files/Eckford+Formatted+Curriculum.pdf
Choices in Little Rock is a teaching unit that focuses on efforts to desegregate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957 — efforts that resulted in a crisis that historian Taylor Branch once described as “the most severe test of the Constitution since the Civil War.” The unit explores civic choices — the decisions people make as citizens in a democracy. Those decisions, both then and now, reveal that democracy is not a product but a work in progress, a work that is shaped in every generation by the choices that we make about ourselves and others. Although those choices may not seem important at the time, little by little, they define an individual, delineate a community, and ultimately distinguish a nation. Those choices build on the work of earlier generations and leave legacies for those to come.
https://www.facinghistory.org/sites/default/files/publications/Little_Rock.pdf
Little Rock Nine
In this lesson, students examine five documents to learn about the experiences of one student, Minnijean Brown, in desegregating Central High School.
https://sheg.stanford.edu/history-lessons/little-rock-nine?check_logged_in=1