CORE
Useful Links
King Encyclopedia: Congress of Racial Equality
https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/congress-racial-equality-core
SNCC Digital entry on CORE
https://snccdigital.org/inside-sncc/alliances-relationships/core/
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Actions 1942-1970
https://depts.washington.edu/moves/CORE_map-events.shtml
https://depts.washington.edu/moves/CORE_timeline.shtml
James Farmer, Founder of the Congress of Racial Equality
//www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/world-war-ii-and-post-war.html#obj055
This special section highlights Seattle’s early 1960s civil rights history, particularly that based in the Central District neighborhood.
http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/CORE_intro.htm
https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/congress-racial-equality-core
SNCC Digital entry on CORE
https://snccdigital.org/inside-sncc/alliances-relationships/core/
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) Actions 1942-1970
https://depts.washington.edu/moves/CORE_map-events.shtml
https://depts.washington.edu/moves/CORE_timeline.shtml
James Farmer, Founder of the Congress of Racial Equality
//www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/world-war-ii-and-post-war.html#obj055
This special section highlights Seattle’s early 1960s civil rights history, particularly that based in the Central District neighborhood.
http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/CORE_intro.htm
Primary Sources
Issues of The CORE-lator, the newsletter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/core/corehome.htm
CORE DOCUMENTS
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/orgsdocs.htm#docscore
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/core/corehome.htm
CORE DOCUMENTS
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/orgsdocs.htm#docscore
1947 Journey of Reconciliation
Congress of Racial Equality organizes Journey of Reconciliation
https://snccdigital.org/events/cores-journey-of-reconciliation/
Journey of Reconciliation, 1947
https://www.ncpedia.org/journey-reconciliation-1947
Lesson: Journey of Reconciliation
Overview: In 1947, long before the more familiar civil rights events of the 1960s, the movement had already been set in motion. One such incredible challenge to segregation in interstate travel was The Journey of Reconciliation, in which 16 black and white men traveled throughout the upper South. In this lesson, students will examine the events that led up to the Journey of Reconciliation, gaining an understanding of the Civil Rights Movement as being a much longer fight than just one that occurred during the 1950s-1960s, as well as learn about what took place throughout the Journey – including during its North Carolina stops.
Students will culminate this lesson by creating a historical marker that honors the Journey of Reconciliation’s riders and educates the public about this important period of history.
Grades 8-12 Essential Questions
• What was the 1947 Journey of Reconciliation?
• When prejudice and racism are supported by both custom and law, what can be done to create a more inclusive society? • How does nonviolent direct-action expose injustice?
• What does the story of the Journey of Reconciliation suggest about the role of individuals, groups, and organizing in shaping democracy?
`• What role has resistance, activism, and resilience played in fighting injustice throughout history to today, including during the Journey of Reconciliation?
https://k12database.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2012/04/JourneyofReconciliation1947.pdf
June 3, 1946: Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/morgan-v-virginia/
Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia
Question: Weren't there Black people who refused to give up their bus seats years before Rosa Parks did?
https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/question/2007/december.htm
(1946) Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia- opinion of the court
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/morgan-v-virginia-1946/
https://snccdigital.org/events/cores-journey-of-reconciliation/
Journey of Reconciliation, 1947
https://www.ncpedia.org/journey-reconciliation-1947
Lesson: Journey of Reconciliation
Overview: In 1947, long before the more familiar civil rights events of the 1960s, the movement had already been set in motion. One such incredible challenge to segregation in interstate travel was The Journey of Reconciliation, in which 16 black and white men traveled throughout the upper South. In this lesson, students will examine the events that led up to the Journey of Reconciliation, gaining an understanding of the Civil Rights Movement as being a much longer fight than just one that occurred during the 1950s-1960s, as well as learn about what took place throughout the Journey – including during its North Carolina stops.
Students will culminate this lesson by creating a historical marker that honors the Journey of Reconciliation’s riders and educates the public about this important period of history.
Grades 8-12 Essential Questions
• What was the 1947 Journey of Reconciliation?
• When prejudice and racism are supported by both custom and law, what can be done to create a more inclusive society? • How does nonviolent direct-action expose injustice?
• What does the story of the Journey of Reconciliation suggest about the role of individuals, groups, and organizing in shaping democracy?
`• What role has resistance, activism, and resilience played in fighting injustice throughout history to today, including during the Journey of Reconciliation?
https://k12database.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2012/04/JourneyofReconciliation1947.pdf
June 3, 1946: Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia
https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/morgan-v-virginia/
Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia
Question: Weren't there Black people who refused to give up their bus seats years before Rosa Parks did?
https://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/news/jimcrow/question/2007/december.htm
(1946) Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia- opinion of the court
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/morgan-v-virginia-1946/
Freedom Summer (1964)
Primary Sources
This folder documents many of the preparations and plans for Freedom Summer.
Among the items here are a spring 1964 COFO flyer and a printed pamphlet directed to black Mississippians, asking for their help in housing and supporting Freedom Summer volunteers; a highly illustrated CORE pamphlet entitled "The Right to Vote"; a COFO report submitted to the Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights in March 1964 which lists many threats and violent incidents against civil rights workers as well as recently passed Mississippi state laws designed to obstruct their work; an April 1964 COFO report on the MFDP, laying out its plans for the summer and fall of 1964; an internal CORE document about tensions between groups of lawyers; information about federal programs, especially for farmers; an outline of Mississippi Summer research projects; a detailed outline for a CORE workshop on leadership training; a January 1965 document from the U.S. government explaining the 1964 Civil Rights Act and a March 1965 document on "Equal Opportunity in Farm Programs" which appears to include copies of letters from President Lyndon Johnson to members of his government, asking them to look into racial discrimination in agricultural programs.
https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/p15932coll2/id/16469
Freedom Movement Press Releases
https://www.crmvet.org/docs/pr/prdocs.htm
“The First Freedom Ride:” Bayard Rustin On His Work With CORE
In 1947 Rustin led a group of whites and blacks on a “Journey of Reconciliation” to challenge racial segregation on inter-state buses. The willingness of Rustin and his companions to undergo arrest – at one point serving 30 days on a North Carolina chaingang – provided an important example for the more famous Freedom Rides of 1960.
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6909